Use fmt::format for LOGWARNING

The format string can be checked at compile time. It will be easier to
transition to `std::format`.

source/graphics/ColladaManager.cpp

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ namespace
 		if (severity == LOG_INFO)
 			LOGMESSAGE("{}: {}", path->string8(), text);
 		else if (severity == LOG_WARNING)
-			LOGWARNING("%s: %s", path->string8(), text);
+			LOGWARNING("{}: {}", path->string8(), text);
 		else
 			LOGERROR("%s: %s", path->string8(), text);
 	}

source/graphics/Color.cpp

@@ -110,24 +110,25 @@ bool CColor::ParseString(const CStr8& value, int defaultAlpha)
 		stream >> values[i];
 		if ((stream.rdstate() & std::stringstream::failbit) != 0)
 		{
-			LOGWARNING("Unable to parse CColor parameters. Your input: '%s'", value.c_str());
+			LOGWARNING("Unable to parse CColor parameters. Your input: '{}'", value);
 			return false;
 		}
 		if (values[i] < 0 || values[i] > 255)
 		{
-			LOGWARNING("Invalid value (<0 or >255) when parsing CColor parameters. Your input: '%s'", value.c_str());
+			LOGWARNING("Invalid value (<0 or >255) when parsing CColor parameters. Your input: '{}'",
+				value);
 			return false;
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (i < 3)
 	{
-		LOGWARNING("Not enough parameters when parsing as CColor. Your input: '%s'", value.c_str());
+		LOGWARNING("Not enough parameters when parsing as CColor. Your input: '{}'", value);
 		return false;
 	}
 	if (!stream.eof())
 	{
-		LOGWARNING("Too many parameters when parsing as CColor. Your input: '%s'", value.c_str());
+		LOGWARNING("Too many parameters when parsing as CColor. Your input: '{}'", value);
 		return false;
 	}
 

source/graphics/MapGenerator.cpp

@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ Script::StructuredClone RunMapGenerationScript(const StopToken stopToken, std::a
 			if (tempProgress < currentProgress)
 			{
 				LOGWARNING("The random map script tried to reduce the loading progress from "
-					"%d to %d.", currentProgress, tempProgress);
+					"{} to {}.", currentProgress, tempProgress);
 				return;
 			}
 			progress.store(tempProgress);

source/graphics/MapReader.cpp

@@ -971,7 +971,7 @@ void CXMLReader::ReadPaths(XMBElement parent)
 			CCinemaPath path(pathData, positionSpline, targetSpline);
 			if (path.Empty())
 			{
-				LOGWARNING("Path with name '%s' is empty", pathName.ToUTF8());
+				LOGWARNING("Path with name '{}' is empty", pathName.ToUTF8());
 				return;
 			}
 
@@ -980,10 +980,10 @@ void CXMLReader::ReadPaths(XMBElement parent)
 			if (!cmpCinemaManager->HasPath(pathName))
 				cmpCinemaManager->AddPath(path);
 			else
-				LOGWARNING("Path with name '%s' already exists", pathName.ToUTF8());
+				LOGWARNING("Path with name '{}' already exists", pathName.ToUTF8());
 		}
 		else
-			LOGWARNING("Invalid path child with name '%s'", element.GetText());
+			LOGWARNING("Invalid path child with name '{}'", element.GetText());
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1519,7 +1519,7 @@ int CMapReader::ParseEnvironment()
 	const auto getEnvironmentProperty = [&](JS::HandleValue val, const char* prop, auto&& out)
 	{
 		if (!Script::GetProperty(rq, val, prop, std::forward<decltype(out)>(out)))
-			LOGWARNING("CMapReader::ParseEnvironment() failed to get '%s' property", prop);
+			LOGWARNING("CMapReader::ParseEnvironment() failed to get '{}' property", prop);
 	};
 
 	JS::RootedValue envObj(rq.cx);
@@ -1618,7 +1618,7 @@ int CMapReader::ParseCamera()
 	const auto getCameraProperty = [&](JS::HandleValue val, const char* prop, auto&& out)
 	{
 		if (!Script::GetProperty(rq, val, prop, std::forward<decltype(out)>(out)))
-			LOGWARNING("CMapReader::ParseCamera() failed to get '%s' property", prop);
+			LOGWARNING("CMapReader::ParseCamera() failed to get '{}' property", prop);
 	};
 
 	JS::RootedValue cameraObj(rq.cx);

source/graphics/ModelAbstract.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (C) 2025 Wildfire Games.
+/* Copyright (C) 2026 Wildfire Games.
  * This file is part of 0 A.D.
  *
  * 0 A.D. is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -67,7 +67,8 @@ void CModelAbstract::CalcSelectionBox()
 		default:
 			{
 				m_SelectionBox.SetEmpty();
-				//LOGWARNING("[ModelAbstract] Unrecognized selection shape type: %ld", m_CustomSelectionShape->m_Type);
+				// LOGWARNING("[ModelAbstract] Unrecognized selection shape type: {}",
+				//	m_CustomSelectionShape->m_Type);
 				debug_warn("[ModelAbstract] Unrecognized selection shape type");
 			}
 			break;

source/graphics/ObjectBase.cpp

@@ -915,7 +915,10 @@ bool CActorDef::Load(const VfsPath& pathname)
 				else if (attr.Name == at_file)
 				{
 					if (attr.Value.empty())
-						LOGWARNING("Empty actor file specified (file %s)", pathname.string8());
+					{
+						LOGWARNING("Empty actor file specified (file {})",
+							pathname.string8());
+					}
 					file = attr.Value;
 				}
 				else if (attr.Name == at_inline)
@@ -949,7 +952,10 @@ bool CActorDef::Load(const VfsPath& pathname)
 			else
 			{
 				if (actor.GetChildNodes().size() > 0)
-					LOGWARNING("Actor definition refers to file but has children elements, they will be ignored (file %s)", pathname.string8());
+				{
+					LOGWARNING("Actor definition refers to file but has children elements, they "
+						"will be ignored (file {})", pathname.string8());
+				}
 
 				// Open up an external file to load.
 				// Don't crash hard when failures happen, but log them and continue

source/graphics/ParticleEmitterType.cpp

@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ int CParticleEmitterType::GetVariableID(const std::string& name)
 	if (name == "color.r")			return VAR_COLOR_R;
 	if (name == "color.g")			return VAR_COLOR_G;
 	if (name == "color.b")			return VAR_COLOR_B;
-	LOGWARNING("Particle sets unknown variable '%s'", name.c_str());
+	LOGWARNING("Particle sets unknown variable '{}'", name);
 	return -1;
 }
 

source/graphics/TerrainProperties.cpp

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ CTerrainPropertiesPtr CTerrainProperties::FromXML(const CTerrainPropertiesPtr& p
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			LOGWARNING("TerrainProperties: Loading %s: Unexpected node %s\n",
+			LOGWARNING("TerrainProperties: Loading {}: Unexpected node {}\n",
 				pathname.string8(),
 				XeroFile.GetElementString(child.GetNodeName()));
 			// Keep reading - typos shouldn't be showstoppers

source/graphics/TerrainTextureManager.cpp

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ CTerrainTextureEntry* CTerrainTextureManager::FindTexture(const CStr& tag_)
 		if (textureEntry->GetTag() == tag)
 			return textureEntry.get();
 
-	LOGWARNING("CTerrainTextureManager: Couldn't find terrain %s using fallback texture", tag.c_str());
+	LOGWARNING("CTerrainTextureManager: Couldn't find terrain {} using fallback texture", tag);
 
 	// If the texture is not found, return a default texture.
 	// This is a fallback texture, so it should not be used in the editor.

source/gui/CGUI.cpp

@@ -871,7 +871,11 @@ void CGUI::Xeromyces_ReadObject(const XMBData& xmb, XMBElement element, IGUIObje
 			if (!filename.empty())
 			{
 				if (!directory.empty())
-					LOGWARNING("GUI: Include element found with file name (%s) and directory name (%s). Only the file will be processed.", utf8_from_wstring(filename), utf8_from_wstring(directory));
+				{
+					LOGWARNING("GUI: Include element found with file name ({}) and directory "
+						"name ({}). Only the file will be processed.",
+						utf8_from_wstring(filename), utf8_from_wstring(directory));
+				}
 
 				Paths.insert(filename);
 
@@ -1048,7 +1052,10 @@ void CGUI::Xeromyces_ReadSprite(const XMBData& xmb, XMBElement element)
 	CStr name = element.GetAttributes().GetNamedItem(xmb.GetAttributeID("name"));
 
 	if (m_Sprites.find(name) != m_Sprites.end())
-		LOGWARNING("GUI sprite name '%s' used more than once; first definition will be discarded", name.c_str());
+	{
+		LOGWARNING("GUI sprite name '{}' used more than once; first definition will be discarded",
+			name);
+	}
 
 	// shared_ptr to link the effect to every image, faster than copy.
 	std::shared_ptr<SGUIImageEffects> effects;
@@ -1337,7 +1344,10 @@ void CGUI::Xeromyces_ReadIcon(const XMBData& xmb, XMBElement element)
 void CGUI::ReportMissingIcon(const CStr& name) const
 {
 	if (m_MissingIconsReported.insert(name).second)
-		LOGWARNING("Trying to use an icon, imgleft or imgright-tag with an undefined icon (\"%s\").", name);
+	{
+		LOGWARNING("Trying to use an icon, imgleft or imgright-tag with an undefined icon (\"{}\").",
+			name);
+	}
 }
 
 void CGUI::Xeromyces_ReadTooltip(const XMBData& xmb, XMBElement element)

source/gui/GUIStringConversions.cpp

@@ -82,20 +82,22 @@ bool CGUI::ParseString<CRect>(const CGUI*, const CStrW& Value, CRect& Output)
 	{
 		if (stream.eof())
 		{
-			LOGWARNING("Too few CRect parameters (min %i). Your input: '%s'", NUM_COORDS, Value.ToUTF8().c_str());
+			LOGWARNING("Too few CRect parameters (min {}). Your input: '{}'", NUM_COORDS,
+				Value.ToUTF8());
 			return false;
 		}
 		stream >> coords[i];
 		if ((stream.rdstate() & std::wstringstream::failbit) != 0)
 		{
-			LOGWARNING("Unable to parse CRect parameters. Your input: '%s'", Value.ToUTF8().c_str());
+			LOGWARNING("Unable to parse CRect parameters. Your input: '{}'", Value.ToUTF8());
 			return false;
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (!stream.eof())
 	{
-		LOGWARNING("Too many CRect parameters (max %i). Your input: '%s'", NUM_COORDS, Value.ToUTF8().c_str());
+		LOGWARNING("Too many CRect parameters (max {}). Your input: '{}'", NUM_COORDS,
+			Value.ToUTF8());
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -129,13 +131,14 @@ bool CGUI::ParseString<CSize2D>(const CGUI*, const CStrW& Value, CSize2D& Output
 	{
 		if (stream.eof())
 		{
-			LOGWARNING("Too few CSize2D parameters (min %i). Your input: '%s'", NUM_COORDS, Value.ToUTF8().c_str());
+			LOGWARNING("Too few CSize2D parameters (min {}). Your input: '{}'", NUM_COORDS,
+				Value.ToUTF8());
 			return false;
 		}
 		stream >> coords[i];
 		if ((stream.rdstate() & std::wstringstream::failbit) != 0)
 		{
-			LOGWARNING("Unable to parse CSize2D parameters. Your input: '%s'", Value.ToUTF8().c_str());
+			LOGWARNING("Unable to parse CSize2D parameters. Your input: '{}'", Value.ToUTF8());
 			return false;
 		}
 	}
@@ -145,7 +148,8 @@ bool CGUI::ParseString<CSize2D>(const CGUI*, const CStrW& Value, CSize2D& Output
 
 	if (!stream.eof())
 	{
-		LOGWARNING("Too many CSize2D parameters (max %i). Your input: '%s'", NUM_COORDS, Value.ToUTF8().c_str());
+		LOGWARNING("Too many CSize2D parameters (max {}). Your input: '{}'", NUM_COORDS,
+			Value.ToUTF8());
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -164,13 +168,14 @@ bool CGUI::ParseString<CVector2D>(const CGUI*, const CStrW& Value, CVector2D& Ou
 	{
 		if (stream.eof())
 		{
-			LOGWARNING("Too few CVector2D parameters (min %i). Your input: '%s'", NUM_COORDS, Value.ToUTF8().c_str());
+			LOGWARNING("Too few CVector2D parameters (min {}). Your input: '{}'", NUM_COORDS,
+				Value.ToUTF8());
 			return false;
 		}
 		stream >> coords[i];
 		if ((stream.rdstate() & std::wstringstream::failbit) != 0)
 		{
-			LOGWARNING("Unable to parse CVector2D parameters. Your input: '%s'", Value.ToUTF8().c_str());
+			LOGWARNING("Unable to parse CVector2D parameters. Your input: '{}'", Value.ToUTF8());
 			return false;
 		}
 	}
@@ -180,7 +185,8 @@ bool CGUI::ParseString<CVector2D>(const CGUI*, const CStrW& Value, CVector2D& Ou
 
 	if (!stream.eof())
 	{
-		LOGWARNING("Too many CVector2D parameters (max %i). Your input: '%s'", NUM_COORDS, Value.ToUTF8().c_str());
+		LOGWARNING("Too many CVector2D parameters (max {}). Your input: '{}'", NUM_COORDS,
+			Value.ToUTF8());
 		return false;
 	}
 

source/gui/ObjectBases/IGUIObject.cpp

@@ -300,7 +300,10 @@ bool IGUIObject::ApplyStyle(const CStr& StyleName)
 		if (SettingExists(p.first))
 			m_Settings.at(p.first)->FromString(p.second, true);
 		else if (StyleName != "default")
-			LOGWARNING("GUI object has no setting \"%s\", but the style \"%s\" defines it", p.first, StyleName.c_str());
+		{
+			LOGWARNING("GUI object has no setting \"{}\", but the style \"{}\" defines it",
+				p.first, StyleName);
+		}
 	}
 	return true;
 }

source/gui/ObjectTypes/CChart.cpp

@@ -145,7 +145,10 @@ void CChart::UpdateSeries()
 		CChartData& data = m_Series[i];
 
 		if (i < m_SeriesColor->m_Items.size() && !data.m_Color.ParseString(m_pGUI, m_SeriesColor->m_Items[i].GetOriginalString().ToUTF8(), 0))
-			LOGWARNING("GUI: Error parsing 'series_color' (\"%s\")", utf8_from_wstring(m_SeriesColor->m_Items[i].GetOriginalString()));
+		{
+			LOGWARNING("GUI: Error parsing 'series_color' (\"{}\")",
+				utf8_from_wstring(m_SeriesColor->m_Items[i].GetOriginalString()));
+		}
 
 		data.m_Points = m_SeriesSetting->m_Series[i];
 	}

source/gui/Scripting/JSInterface_CGUISize.cpp

@@ -195,7 +195,11 @@ bool CGUISimpleSetting<CGUISize>::DoFromJSVal(const Script::Request& rq, JS::Han
 	}
 
 	if (JS_InstanceOf(rq.cx, obj, &JSI_GUISize::JSI_class, nullptr))
-		ONCE(LOGWARNING("Assigning an GUISize to CGUISize is deprecated. Please use the object.size = {left:number, top:number, right:number, bottom:number} format instead. This support will be removed in a future version."));
+	{
+		ONCE(LOGWARNING("Assigning an GUISize to CGUISize is deprecated. Please use the object.size = "
+			"{{left:number, top:number, right:number, bottom:number}} format instead. This support "
+			"will be removed in a future version."));
+	}
 
 	bool atLeastOnePropertySet{false};
 	CRect pixel{};

source/gui/SettingTypes/MouseEventMask.cpp

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ public:
 			status = g_VFS->LoadFile(sourcePath, shapeFile, size);
 		if (status != INFO::OK)
 		{
-			LOGWARNING("Mouse event mask texture not found ('%s')", spec);
+			LOGWARNING("Mouse event mask texture not found ('{}')", spec);
 			return nullptr;
 		}
 		Tex tex;
@@ -188,6 +188,6 @@ bool CGUIMouseEventMask::DoFromString(const CStrW& Value)
 			LOGERROR("Could not create shape for: %s", spec);
 	}
 	else
-		LOGWARNING("Unknown clickable shape: %s", spec);
+		LOGWARNING("Unknown clickable shape: {}", spec);
 	return false;
 }

source/lobby/XmppClient.cpp

@@ -1015,7 +1015,8 @@ bool XmppClient::Impl::handleIq(const gloox::IQ& iq)
 		{
 			if (iq.from().full() != m_xpartamuppId)
 			{
-				LOGWARNING("XmppClient: Received game list response from unexpected sender: %s", iq.from().full());
+				LOGWARNING("XmppClient: Received game list response from unexpected sender: {}",
+					iq.from().full());
 				return true;
 			}
 
@@ -1030,7 +1031,8 @@ bool XmppClient::Impl::handleIq(const gloox::IQ& iq)
 		{
 			if (iq.from().full() != m_echelonId)
 			{
-				LOGWARNING("XmppClient: Received board list response from unexpected sender: %s", iq.from().full());
+				LOGWARNING("XmppClient: Received board list response from unexpected sender: {}",
+					iq.from().full());
 				return true;
 			}
 
@@ -1061,7 +1063,8 @@ bool XmppClient::Impl::handleIq(const gloox::IQ& iq)
 		{
 			if (iq.from().full() != m_echelonId)
 			{
-				LOGWARNING("XmppClient: Received profile response from unexpected sender: %s", iq.from().full());
+				LOGWARNING("XmppClient: Received profile response from unexpected sender: {}",
+					iq.from().full());
 				return true;
 			}
 

source/network/tests/test_StunClient.h

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ public:
 		ENetAddress addr { ENET_HOST_ANY, ENET_PORT_ANY };
 		ENetHost* host = enet_host_create(&addr, 1, 1, 0, 0);
 		StunClient::FindPublicIP(*host, ip, port);
-		LOGWARNING("%s %i", ip.c_str(), port);
+		LOGWARNING("{} {}", ip, port);
 		CConfigDB::Shutdown();
 	}
 };

source/ps/CLogger.h

@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ extern CLogger* g_Logger;
 	fmt::format(FMT_STRING(fmtstring), ## __VA_ARGS__).c_str(), false)
 #define LOGMESSAGERENDER(fmtstring, ...) g_Logger->WriteMessage( \
 	fmt::format(FMT_STRING(fmtstring), ## __VA_ARGS__).c_str(), true)
-#define LOGWARNING(...)       g_Logger->WriteWarning(fmt::sprintf(__VA_ARGS__).c_str())
+#define LOGWARNING(fmtstring, ...) g_Logger->WriteWarning( \
+	fmt::format(FMT_STRING(fmtstring), ## __VA_ARGS__).c_str())
 #define LOGERROR(...)         g_Logger->WriteError  (fmt::sprintf(__VA_ARGS__).c_str())
 
 /**

source/ps/CStrIntern.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (C) 2025 Wildfire Games.
+/* Copyright (C) 2026 Wildfire Games.
  * This file is part of 0 A.D.
  *
  * 0 A.D. is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ public:
 	CStrInternInternals(const char* str, size_t len)
 		: data(str, str+len), hash(fnv_hash(str, len))
 	{
-// 		LOGWARNING("New interned string '%s'", data.c_str());
+// 		LOGWARNING("New interned string '{}'", data);
 	}
 
 	CStrInternInternals(const CStrInternInternals& b) = default;

source/ps/DllLoader.cpp

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ void DllLoader::LogLoadError(const char* errors)
 		LOGMESSAGE("DllLoader: {}", errors);
 		break;
 	case CLogger::Warning:
-		LOGWARNING("DllLoader: %s", errors);
+		LOGWARNING("DllLoader: {}", errors);
 		break;
 	case CLogger::Error:
 		LOGERROR("DllLoader: %s", errors);

source/ps/GameSetup/GameSetup.cpp

@@ -435,16 +435,16 @@ static void FixLocales()
 		for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(LocaleEnvVars); i++)
 		{
 			if (char* envval = getenv(LocaleEnvVars[i]))
-				LOGWARNING("  %s=\"%s\"", LocaleEnvVars[i], envval);
+				LOGWARNING("  {}=\"{}\"", LocaleEnvVars[i], envval);
 			else
-				LOGWARNING("  %s=\"(unset)\"", LocaleEnvVars[i]);
+				LOGWARNING("  {}=\"(unset)\"", LocaleEnvVars[i]);
 		}
 
 		// We should set LC_ALL since it overrides LANG
 		if (setenv("LC_ALL", std::locale::classic().name().c_str(), 1))
 			debug_warn(L"Invalid locale settings, and unable to set LC_ALL env variable.");
 		else
-			LOGWARNING("Setting LC_ALL env variable to: %s", getenv("LC_ALL"));
+			LOGWARNING("Setting LC_ALL env variable to: {}", getenv("LC_ALL"));
 	}
 }
 #else

source/ps/Hotkey.cpp

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ static void LoadConfigBindings(CConfigDB& configDB)
 				SDL_Scancode scancode = FindScancode(it->c_str());
 				if (!scancode)
 				{
-					LOGWARNING("Hotkey mapping used invalid key '%s'", hotkey.c_str());
+					LOGWARNING("Hotkey mapping used invalid key '{}'", hotkey);
 					continue;
 				}
 

source/ps/Mod.cpp

@@ -99,7 +99,8 @@ bool LoadModJSON(const PIVFS& vfs, OsPath modsPath, OsPath mod, std::string& tex
 		else
 		{
 			// Print a warning - we'll keep trying, which could have adverse effects.
-			LOGWARNING("Could not write external mod.json for zipped mod '%s'. The mod should be reinstalled.", mod.string8());
+			LOGWARNING("Could not write external mod.json for zipped mod '{}'. The mod should be "
+				"reinstalled.", mod.string8());
 		}
 		return true;
 	}

source/ps/Replay.cpp

@@ -186,8 +186,11 @@ void CheckReplayMods(const std::vector<Mod::ModData>& replayMods)
 	for (const Mod::ModData& data : replayMods)
 		replayData.push_back(&data);
 	if (!Mod::AreModsPlayCompatible(g_Mods.GetEnabledModsData(), replayData))
-		LOGWARNING("Incompatible replay mods detected.\nThe mods of the replay are:\n%s\nThese mods are enabled:\n%s",
-			ModListToString(replayData), ModListToString(g_Mods.GetEnabledModsData()));
+	{
+		LOGWARNING("Incompatible replay mods detected.\nThe mods of the replay are:\n{}\n"
+			"These mods are enabled:\n{}", ModListToString(replayData),
+			ModListToString(g_Mods.GetEnabledModsData()));
+	}
 }
 } // anonymous namespace
 

source/ps/SavedGame.cpp

@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ JS::Value SavedGames::GetSavedGames(const Script::Interface& scriptInterface)
 		if (!archiveReader)
 		{
 			// Triggered by e.g. the file being open in another program
-			LOGWARNING("Failed to read saved game '%s'", realPath.string8());
+			LOGWARNING("Failed to read saved game '{}'", realPath.string8());
 			continue; // skip this file
 		}
 

source/ps/VideoMode.cpp

@@ -380,7 +380,10 @@ bool CVideoMode::SetVideoMode(int w, int h, int bpp, bool fullscreen)
 				else if (forceGLProfile == "core")
 					profile = SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_CORE;
 				else if (forceGLProfile != "compatibility")
-					LOGWARNING("Unknown force GL profile '%s', compatibility profile is used", forceGLProfile.c_str());
+				{
+					LOGWARNING("Unknown force GL profile '{}', compatibility profile is used",
+						forceGLProfile);
+				}
 
 				if (forceGLMajorVersion < 1 || forceGLMinorVersion < 0)
 				{
@@ -434,7 +437,7 @@ bool CVideoMode::SetVideoMode(int w, int h, int bpp, bool fullscreen)
 			setenv("MVK_CONFIG_LOG_LEVEL", "2", 1);
 			if (SDL_Vulkan_LoadLibrary(fullPathToVulkanLibrary.c_str()) != 0)
 			{
-				LOGWARNING("Failed to load %s.", fullPathToVulkanLibrary.c_str());
+				LOGWARNING("Failed to load {}.", fullPathToVulkanLibrary);
 				DowngradeBackendSettingAfterCreationFailure();
 				return SetVideoMode(w, h, bpp, fullscreen);
 			}
@@ -449,7 +452,7 @@ bool CVideoMode::SetVideoMode(int w, int h, int bpp, bool fullscreen)
 			// SDL might fail to create a window in case of missing a Vulkan driver.
 			if (m_Backend == Renderer::Backend::Backend::VULKAN)
 			{
-				LOGWARNING("Failed to create a Vulkan window: %s", SDL_GetError());
+				LOGWARNING("Failed to create a Vulkan window: {}", SDL_GetError());
 				DowngradeBackendSettingAfterCreationFailure();
 				return SetVideoMode(w, h, bpp, fullscreen);
 			}
@@ -458,7 +461,7 @@ bool CVideoMode::SetVideoMode(int w, int h, int bpp, bool fullscreen)
 			if (fullscreen)
 			{
 				LOGWARNING("Failed to set the video mode to fullscreen for the chosen resolution "
-					"%dx%d:%d (\"%hs\"), falling back to windowed mode",
+					"{}x{}:{} (\"{}\"), falling back to windowed mode",
 					w, h, bpp, SDL_GetError());
 				// Using default size for the window for now, as the attempted setting
 				// could be as large, or larger than the screen size.

source/ps/VisualReplay.cpp

@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ JS::Value VisualReplay::LoadReplayData(const Script::Interface& scriptInterface,
 
 	if (type != "start")
 	{
-		LOGWARNING("The replay %s doesn't begin with 'start'!", replayFile.string8().c_str());
+		LOGWARNING("The replay {} doesn't begin with 'start'!", replayFile.string8());
 		SAFE_DELETE(replayStream);
 		return JS::NullValue();
 	}

source/renderer/PatchRData.cpp

@@ -1141,7 +1141,10 @@ void CPatchRData::RenderBlends(
 			// TODO: move enabling blend to XML.
 			const CStrIntern shaderEffect = bestTex->GetMaterial().GetShaderEffect(materialPass);
 			if (shaderEffect != str_terrain_base && shaderEffect != str_terrain_base_reflections && shaderEffect != str_terrain_base_wireframe)
-				ONCE(LOGWARNING("Shader effect '%s' doesn't support semi-transparent terrain rendering.", shaderEffect.c_str()));
+			{
+				ONCE(LOGWARNING("Shader effect '{}' doesn't support semi-transparent terrain "
+					"rendering.", shaderEffect.string()));
+			}
 			layer.m_ShaderTech = g_Renderer.GetShaderManager().LoadEffect([](const CStrIntern shaderEffect)
 				{
 					if (shaderEffect == str_terrain_base)

source/renderer/PostprocManager.cpp

@@ -201,14 +201,14 @@ void CPostprocManager::InitializePBR()
 		if (m_Device->IsFramebufferFormatSupported(Renderer::Backend::Format::R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT))
 			m_FramebufferColorFormat = Renderer::Backend::Format::R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT;
 		else
-			LOGWARNING("%s is unsupported", framebufferFormatName);
+			LOGWARNING("{} is unsupported", framebufferFormatName);
 	}
 	else if (framebufferFormatName == "r11g11b10")
 	{
 		if (m_Device->IsFramebufferFormatSupported(Renderer::Backend::Format::B10G11R11_UFLOAT))
 			m_FramebufferColorFormat = Renderer::Backend::Format::B10G11R11_UFLOAT;
 		else
-			LOGWARNING("%s is unsupported", framebufferFormatName);
+			LOGWARNING("{} is unsupported", framebufferFormatName);
 	}
 
 	if (m_Device->GetCapabilities().computeShaders)
@@ -887,7 +887,7 @@ void CPostprocManager::UpdateAntiAliasingTechnique()
 		        std::end(m_AllowedSampleCounts))
 		{
 			m_MultisampleCount = std::min(4u, m_Device->GetCapabilities().maxSampleCount);
-			LOGWARNING("Wrong MSAA sample count: %s.", m_AAName.EscapeToPrintableASCII().c_str());
+			LOGWARNING("Wrong MSAA sample count: {}.", m_AAName.EscapeToPrintableASCII());
 		}
 		m_UsingMultisampleBuffer = true;
 		CreateMultisampleBuffer();
@@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@ void CPostprocManager::RecalculateSize(const uint32_t width, const uint32_t heig
 	m_Scale = g_ConfigDB.Get("renderer.scale", m_Scale);
 	if (m_Scale < 0.25f || m_Scale > 2.0f)
 	{
-		LOGWARNING("Invalid renderer scale: %0.2f", m_Scale);
+		LOGWARNING("Invalid renderer scale: {:0.2f}", m_Scale);
 		m_Scale = 1.0f;
 	}
 	m_UnscaledWidth = width;

source/renderer/Renderer.cpp

@@ -856,7 +856,8 @@ void CRenderer::RenderBigScreenShot(const bool needsPresent)
 	const int tileHeight{g_ConfigDB.Get("screenshot.tileheight", 256)};
 	if (tiles <= 0 || tileWidth <= 0 || tileHeight <= 0 || tileWidth * tiles % 4 != 0 || tileHeight * tiles % 4 != 0)
 	{
-		LOGWARNING("Invalid big screenshot size: tiles=%d tileWidth=%d tileHeight=%d", tiles, tileWidth, tileHeight);
+		LOGWARNING("Invalid big screenshot size: tiles={} tileWidth={} tileHeight={}", tiles,
+			tileWidth, tileHeight);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -864,7 +865,7 @@ void CRenderer::RenderBigScreenShot(const bool needsPresent)
 	{
 		LOGWARNING(
 			"The window size is too small for a big screenshot, increase the"
-			" window size %dx%d or decrease the tile size %dx%d",
+			" window size {}x{} or decrease the tile size {}x{}",
 			g_VideoMode.GetWindowWidth(), g_VideoMode.GetWindowHeight(), tileWidth, tileHeight);
 		return;
 	}

source/renderer/RenderingOptions.cpp

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ RenderDebugMode RenderDebugModeEnum::FromString(const CStr8& name)
 	if (name == str_RENDER_DEBUG_MODE_CUSTOM.c_str())
 		return RenderDebugMode::CUSTOM;
 
-	LOGWARNING("Unknown render debug mode %s", name.c_str());
+	LOGWARNING("Unknown render debug mode {}", name);
 	return RenderDebugMode::NONE;
 }
 

source/renderer/backend/gl/Device.cpp

@@ -205,8 +205,8 @@ void GLAD_API_PTR OnDebugMessage(
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		LOGWARNING(
-			"OpenGL | %s: %s source: %s id %u: %s\n", debugSeverity.c_str(), debugType.c_str(), debugSource.c_str(), id, message);
+		LOGWARNING( "OpenGL | {}: {} source: {} id {}: {}\n", debugSeverity, debugType,
+			debugSource, id, message);
 	}
 }
 

source/renderer/backend/vulkan/Device.cpp

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL DebugCallback(
 				return (hideRule.flags & messageType) && message.find(hideRule.pattern) != std::string_view::npos;
 			});
 		if (it == std::end(hideRules))
-			LOGWARNING("Vulkan: %s", callbackData->pMessage);
+			LOGWARNING("Vulkan: {}", callbackData->pMessage);
 		else if (!it->skip)
 			LOGMESSAGE("Vulkan: {}", callbackData->pMessage);
 	}
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<CDevice> CDevice::Create(SDL_Window* window)
 				return availableDevice.index == static_cast<uint32_t>(deviceIndexOverride);
 			});
 		if (chosenDeviceIt == device->m_AvailablePhysicalDevices.end())
-			LOGWARNING("Device with override index %d not found.", deviceIndexOverride);
+			LOGWARNING("Device with override index {} not found.", deviceIndexOverride);
 	}
 	if (chosenDeviceIt == device->m_AvailablePhysicalDevices.end())
 	{

source/scriptinterface/Interface.cpp

@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ bool warn(JSContext* cx, unsigned int argc, JS::Value* vp)
 	std::wstring str;
 	if (!Script::FromJSVal(rq, args[0], str))
 		return false;
-	LOGWARNING("%s", utf8_from_wstring(str));
+	LOGWARNING("{}", utf8_from_wstring(str));
 	args.rval().setUndefined();
 	return true;
 }

source/simulation2/Simulation2.cpp

@@ -361,7 +361,10 @@ void CSimulation2Impl::InitRNGSeedSimulation()
 	Script::Request rq(m_ComponentManager.GetScriptInterface());
 	if (!Script::HasProperty(rq, m_MapSettings, "Seed") ||
 		!Script::GetProperty(rq, m_MapSettings, "Seed", seed))
-		LOGWARNING("CSimulation2Impl::InitRNGSeedSimulation: No seed value specified - using %d", seed);
+	{
+		LOGWARNING("CSimulation2Impl::InitRNGSeedSimulation: No seed value specified - using {}",
+			seed);
+	}
 
 	m_ComponentManager.SetRNGSeed(seed);
 }
@@ -372,7 +375,9 @@ void CSimulation2Impl::InitRNGSeedAI()
 	Script::Request rq(m_ComponentManager.GetScriptInterface());
 	if (!Script::HasProperty(rq, m_MapSettings, "AISeed") ||
 		!Script::GetProperty(rq, m_MapSettings, "AISeed", seed))
-		LOGWARNING("CSimulation2Impl::InitRNGSeedAI: No seed value specified - using %d", seed);
+	{
+		LOGWARNING("CSimulation2Impl::InitRNGSeedAI: No seed value specified - using {}", seed);
+	}
 
 	CmpPtr<ICmpAIManager> cmpAIManager(m_SimContext, SYSTEM_ENTITY);
 	if (cmpAIManager)
@@ -640,7 +645,7 @@ void CSimulation2Impl::DumpState()
 
 	if (!DirectoryExists(m_OOSLogPath))
 	{
-		LOGWARNING("OOS-log directory %s was deleted, creating it again.", m_OOSLogPath.string8().c_str());
+		LOGWARNING("OOS-log directory {} was deleted, creating it again.", m_OOSLogPath.string8());
 		CreateDirectories(m_OOSLogPath, 0700);
 	}
 

source/simulation2/components/CCmpCinemaManager.cpp

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ public:
 	{
 		if (m_Paths.find(path.GetName()) != m_Paths.end())
 		{
-			LOGWARNING("Cinema path with name '%s' already exists", path.GetName().ToUTF8());
+			LOGWARNING("Cinema path with name '{}' already exists", path.GetName().ToUTF8());
 			return;
 		}
 		m_Paths[path.GetName()] = path;
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ public:
 	{
 		if (!HasPath(name))
 		{
-			LOGWARNING("Cinema path with name '%s' doesn't exist", name.ToUTF8());
+			LOGWARNING("Cinema path with name '{}' doesn't exist", name.ToUTF8());
 			return;
 		}
 		m_PathQueue.remove_if([name](const CCinemaPath& path) { return path.GetName() == name; });
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ public:
 	{
 		if (!HasPath(name))
 		{
-			LOGWARNING("Cinema path with name '%s' doesn't exist", name.ToUTF8());
+			LOGWARNING("Cinema path with name '{}' doesn't exist", name.ToUTF8());
 			return;
 		}
 		m_PathQueue.push_back(m_Paths[name]);

source/simulation2/components/CCmpRangeManager.cpp

@@ -1618,12 +1618,18 @@ public:
 	{
 		// Min range must be non-negative.
 		if (minRange < entity_pos_t::Zero())
-			LOGWARNING("CCmpRangeManager: Invalid min range %f in query for entity %u", minRange.ToDouble(), source);
+		{
+			LOGWARNING("CCmpRangeManager: Invalid min range {:f} in query for entity {}",
+				minRange.ToDouble(), source);
+		}
 
 		// Max range must be non-negative, or else ALWAYS_IN_RANGE.
 		// TODO add NEVER_IN_RANGE.
 		if (maxRange < entity_pos_t::Zero() && maxRange != ALWAYS_IN_RANGE)
-			LOGWARNING("CCmpRangeManager: Invalid max range %f in query for entity %u", maxRange.ToDouble(), source);
+		{
+			LOGWARNING("CCmpRangeManager: Invalid max range {:f} in query for entity {}",
+				maxRange.ToDouble(), source);
+		}
 
 		CmpPtr<ICmpOwnership> cmpOwnership(GetSimContext(), source);
 
@@ -1663,7 +1669,7 @@ public:
 			q.ownersMask |= CalcOwnerMask(owners[i]);
 
 		if (q.ownersMask == 0)
-			LOGWARNING("CCmpRangeManager: No owners in query for entity %u", source);
+			LOGWARNING("CCmpRangeManager: No owners in query for entity {}", source);
 
 		q.interface = requiredInterface;
 		q.flagsMask = flagsMask;
@@ -1826,7 +1832,7 @@ public:
 		if (identifier == "injured")
 			return FlagMasks::Injured;
 
-		LOGWARNING("CCmpRangeManager: Invalid flag identifier %s", identifier.c_str());
+		LOGWARNING("CCmpRangeManager: Invalid flag identifier {}", identifier);
 		return FlagMasks::None;
 	}
 
@@ -1841,7 +1847,10 @@ public:
 		std::uint8_t flag = GetEntityFlagMask(identifier);
 
 		if (flag == FlagMasks::None)
-			LOGWARNING("CCmpRangeManager: Invalid flag identifier %s for entity %u", identifier.c_str(), ent);
+		{
+			LOGWARNING("CCmpRangeManager: Invalid flag identifier {} for entity {}", identifier,
+				ent);
+		}
 		else
 			it->second.SetFlag(flag, value);
 	}

source/simulation2/helpers/CinemaPath.cpp

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ CCinemaPath::CCinemaPath(const CCinemaData& data, const TNSpline& spline, const
 		DistModePtr = &CCinemaPath::EaseOutIn;
 	else
 	{
-		LOGWARNING("Cinematic mode not found for '%s'", data.m_Mode.ToUTF8().c_str());
+		LOGWARNING("Cinematic mode not found for '{}'", data.m_Mode.ToUTF8());
 		DistModePtr = &CCinemaPath::EaseInOut;
 	}
 
@@ -73,13 +73,14 @@ CCinemaPath::CCinemaPath(const CCinemaData& data, const TNSpline& spline, const
 		DistStylePtr = &CCinemaPath::EaseSine;
 	else
 	{
-		LOGWARNING("Cinematic style not found for '%s'", data.m_Style.ToUTF8().c_str());
+		LOGWARNING("Cinematic style not found for '{}'", data.m_Style.ToUTF8());
 		DistStylePtr = &CCinemaPath::EaseDefault;
 	}
 
 	if (m_Timescale <= fixed::FromInt(0))
 	{
-		LOGWARNING("Invalid cinema path timescale specified: %f. It must be greater than 0.", m_Timescale.ToFloat());
+		LOGWARNING("Invalid cinema path timescale specified: {:f}. It must be greater than 0.",
+			m_Timescale.ToFloat());
 		m_Timescale = fixed::FromInt(1);
 	}
 }
@@ -117,7 +118,10 @@ const CStrW& CCinemaPath::GetName() const
 void CCinemaPath::SetTimescale(fixed scale)
 {
 	if (scale <= fixed::FromInt(0))
-		LOGWARNING("Invalid cinema path timescale specified: %f. It must be greater than 0.", scale.ToFloat());
+	{
+		LOGWARNING("Invalid cinema path timescale specified: {:f}. It must be greater than 0.",
+			scale.ToFloat());
+	}
 	else
 		m_Timescale = scale;
 }

source/simulation2/helpers/Pathfinding.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (C) 2025 Wildfire Games.
+/* Copyright (C) 2026 Wildfire Games.
  * This file is part of 0 A.D.
  *
  * 0 A.D. is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ PathfinderPassability::PathfinderPassability(pass_class_t mask, const CParamNode
 		 // If clearance isn't an integer number of navcells then we'll
 		 // probably get weird behaviour when expanding the navcell grid
 		 // by clearance, vs expanding static obstructions by clearance
-		 LOGWARNING("Pathfinder passability class has clearance %f, should be multiple of %f",
+		 LOGWARNING("Pathfinder passability class has clearance {:f}, should be multiple of {:f}",
 		 m_Clearance.ToFloat(), Pathfinding::NAVCELL_SIZE.ToFloat());
 		 }*/
 	}

source/simulation2/system/ParamNode.cpp

@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ void CParamNode::ApplyLayer(const XMBData& xmb, const XMBElement& element, const
 			else if (attr.Value == "mul_round")
 				op = MUL_ROUND;
 			else
-				LOGWARNING("Invalid op '%ls'", attr.Value);
+				LOGWARNING("Invalid op '{}'", attr.Value);
 		}
 	}
 	for (XMBAttribute attr : element.GetAttributes())
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ void CParamNode::ApplyLayer(const XMBData& xmb, const XMBElement& element, const
 							sourceIdentifier ? (" in '" +
 								utf8_from_wstring(sourceIdentifier) + "'") : ""};
 						LOGWARNING("[ParamNode] Could not remove token "
-							"'%s' from node '%s'%s; not present in "
+							"'{}' from node '{}'{}; not present in "
 							"list nor inherited (possible typo?)",
 							std::string_view{newToken}.substr(1), name,
 							identifier);

source/simulation2/system/TurnManager.cpp

@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ void CTurnManager::AddCommand(int client, int player, JS::HandleValue data, turn
 		// which is possible when cheats are enabled. Report & ignore.
 		// It seems a bad idea to error out too badly here:
 		// nefarious clients could try and send broken commands to DOS.
-		LOGWARNING("Received command for invalid turn %i (current turn is %i)", turn, m_CurrentTurn);
+		LOGWARNING("Received command for invalid turn {} (current turn is {})", turn, m_CurrentTurn);
 		return;
 	}
 

source/soundmanager/scripting/SoundGroup.cpp

@@ -232,7 +232,10 @@ void CSoundGroup::UploadPropertiesAndPlay([[maybe_unused]] size_t index,
 			itemRollOff = 0;
 
 		if (sndData->IsStereo())
-			LOGWARNING("OpenAL: stereo sounds can't be positioned: %s", sndData->GetFileName().string8());
+		{
+			LOGWARNING("OpenAL: stereo sounds can't be positioned: {}",
+				sndData->GetFileName().string8());
+		}
 
 		hSound->SetLocation(CVector3D(itemDist * sin(offset), 0, -itemDist * cos(offset)));
 		hSound->SetRollOff(itemRollOff, m_MinDist, m_MaxDist);